Window Basics: Learn the Types and Styles

Windows are available in a variety of designs and sizes. There are differences in opening mechanisms and structure, as well as glass. Learn about replacing and renovating windows, as well as installing catches, shutters and glazing.

Back Yard Patio and Dog House

This metal casement window combines opening, non-opening, and side- and top-hung casements.

Types of Windows

There are several different types of windows. Traditionally, most windows were side-hinged windows, referred to as casements, and sliding sash windows. New opening mechanisms such as friction and pivot hinges are increasingly popular. Window materials, shapes, and sizes vary considerably, as does terminology, so you should read your manufacturer's literature carefully. Replacement windows for older homes often need to be custom-built to your requirements.

Replacement Windows 01:02

Commonly, the material and mechanism of a replacement window is chosen to match the originals. There are some exceptions-new sash windows, for example, will often be equipped with modern spiral balances, although they look the same as original lead counterweight versions. If you are replacing all the windows in your property, or building a new home, then take time to consider energy-efficient products such as double and even triple glazing. Frames may have a sill attached, an optional sill, or none at all. If your old frame has a sill attached, make sure your replacement has one.

Window Materials

Most styles of windows are available in a number of different materials. Each material has advantages and disadvantages in terms of maintenance and appearance.

RX-DK-DIY140008_wood-casem-wind_s3x4

©2007 Dorling Kindersley Limited

2007 Dorling Kindersley Limited

RX-DK-DIY140009_double-hung-win_s3x4

©2007 Dorling Kindersley Limited

2007 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Windows were traditionally made of wood, and it is still popular because it is so versatile. If old windows are drafty, you can install weather stripping. Hardwood is expensive, but is durable and only needs the protection of oil. You can also paint hardwood windows or give them a natural finish. Softwood windows need to be protected by paint or a natural wood finish, and regularly maintained.

Double-glazed, vinyl windows offer excellent heat and sound insulation. Old windows are often replaced throughout a house by new vinyl windows. In addition to white, other finishes are available, such as wood-grain. Vinyl requires little maintenance.

RX-DK-DIY140010_custom-casement_s3x4

©2007 Dorling Kindersley Limited

2007 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Where maximum light is required, aluminum windows can be an excellent option-the strength of aluminum means a thin frame can support a large expanse of glass. However, aluminum conducts heat out of the home and is prone to condensation. Double-glazing may be required by building regulations to reduce heat loss. Old aluminum windows were prone to rust, but modern versions are coated during manufacturing and are durable and low-maintenance.

Other Materials

Windows can be made from a combination of materials. Aluminum windows, for example, often have a wooden core, and steel casements can be housed in wooden frames to reduce heat loss. Frames with decorative real wood on the inside, and maintenance-free fiberglass or vinyl exteriors are also available. Traditional lead lights are made up of small pieces of glass held between strips of lead within a wood frame. Other types of windows are available with lead-light-effect double-glazing.

RX-DK-DIY140011_awning-window_s3x4

©2007 Dorling Kindersley Limited

2007 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Parts of a Casement Window

If you are working on a historic building, you must check with the local building department and/or the historical preservation board before replacing any windows.

Grilles and Divided Lites

Removing or Adding Grilles

Choosing the type of window for your home may seem like the most important part in the process of replacing your windows, but making sure you understand all of the operating and maintenance directions is even more important. For example, awning windows are designed to open to only about 45 degrees. And, wood windows that are installed unfinished should be painted or stained as soon as possible to protect them from wear and weather. Finishing windows seals wood from UV rays, preventing them from turning a gray color.

Finish your wood windows with the appropriate outdoor wood sealer that your manufacturer recommends. Always use a water-repellent preservative and do not use caustic or abrasive cleaners. Make sure to caulk between the window and the wall opening after installation. Learn how to properly open every type of window installed, and the recommended ways to clean the glass of the exterior parts of the window to protect your investment in your home. If there are any accessories with your windows, make sure you know how to care for each of them.

Related To:

Types of Window Mechanisms 4 Photos

Roofing Component Basics

Here Are the Four Types of Exterior Window Shutters

Choosing the Best Type of Window Replacement for Your Home

Home Window Repair Is Easy When You Know How

Learn the Basics About Home Insulation

How to Choose the Best Exterior Window Trim for Your Home

7 Window Treatment Trends and Styles

10 Things to Know About Window Replacement 10 Photos

First-Time Homebuyers Guide

Sign up for weekly project ideas and advice from experts Privacy Policy

Get Social With Us

We love to DIY. You love to DIY. Let's get together.

Ideas From Our Blog

Get quick inspiration from Made + Remade each week.